Abstract: Channel estimation for the downlink of frequency division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input-multiple output (MIMO) systems is well known to generate a large overhead as the amount of ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Abstract: Artificial neural network (ANN) is a useful technique for active device modeling. However, it shows limitations in the extrapolation region. To address this issue, we propose a novel ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Vikki Velasquez is a researcher and writer ...