The top circuit, in the diagram above, is a half-wave rectifier and you can see the circuit’s effects on a sinusoidal signal. What is the bottom circuit and how would it effect a sinusoidal input?

This circuit was designed to meet a medical application’s requirement to drive a laser diode with reasonable precision and a minimum of components and footprint (the device is now in clinical trials).

Have you ever needed to power a 12-volt relay in a circuit but only had 6 or 9 volts available? This simple circuit will solve that problem. It allows 12-volt relays to be operated from 6 or 9 volts, ...